Hamas was both directly and indirectly effected by Bush’s black-and-white “War on Terror” discourse, demonstrated through an exploration of the themes of legitimacy contested, the ideologisation of terror and Islamists in the security prism. The “War on Terror” discourse began to manifest, and various alternative understandings and policy options were closed off, as a path-dependent process was unleashed. In this void of meaning the President acted strategically, using his elevated status to frame terrorism and Islamist politics in a very different way to his predecessor, Clinton. As a time of institutional and epistemic flux, the public, government and media attempted to make sense of the inconceivable. September 11th 2001 represented a critical juncture in American history.
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